Semantics and accessibility are naturally part of HTML by design, however they are not fully leveraged unless used accordingly. Knowing how to write semantic and accessible code properly takes an understanding of how semantics and accessibility work, and how users and machines interpret them. Writing semantic and accessible code isn’t incredibly difficult, but it can be time consuming. In the long run, however, the benefits win out.

One of the more important parts to remember when writing semantic and accessible code is to do your best to leverage the standard markup language. Do your best to write the cleanest code possible, and take pride in your work. Generally speaking, don’t use a meaningless element where another element might make more semantic sense, using a div where a h1 would be better fitted for example. Use semantic elements and attributes, as well as microdata and WAI-ARIA to extend the value of your code.

Additionally, be an advocate for semantics and accessibility. Tell others why you’ve written certain code, and provide reasoning why certain modules of content are marked up in a specific way. Outline goals and objectives within your code, and explain how those goals and objectives are being accomplished. The practice of writing semantic and accessible code is growing, however adoption at large has not yet been achieved. Be an advocate for the code you write.

Semantic Motivation

Occasionally, one may ask if semantics really make a difference. You may hear they slow down development, are poorly supported, or that they are even opinionated. While this may have some validity, you still need to retain integrity and continue to write the best code possible, for semantics provide a larger meaning in writing code.

The fact of the matter is, semantics largely benefit everyone . For starters, semantics provide a shared and unambiguous meaning to content. Semantics give content solid structure and value, while also favoring accessibility, providing better user interfaces and more defined information to assistive technologies. Search and globalization is more permanent with semantics, making it easier to serve content internationally and making it more search engine friendly. Should that not be enough, semantics also promote interoperability, allowing the exchange and use of information across different platforms and devices.

It’s safe to say semantics are important, and here to stay. To briefly recap, semantics provide:

• Unambiguous, shared meaning within content
• Accessibility
• Search and globalization
• Interoperability

At minimum, every AHA/ASA project should make use of ARIA Landmark roles, semantic headings, and alt text on images.